L’DOR V’DOR — FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION

לדור ודור A TISHA B’AV MEMORIAL On Tisha B’Av, we sit with the sorrow of the Jewish people. We mourn the destruction of the Temples in Jerusalem, the exile of our ancestors, and the calamities that have befallen our people across the generations. The words of Eicha ask us to remember a city once full of people, now sitting alone. In our own time, those ancient words became true again in the Jewish towns of Europe. Homes were emptied. Synagogues were silenced. Families were torn apart. Entire communities were destroyed. My four grandparents came to the United States between 1900 and 1917. For many years, I believed that because they had escaped Europe, my family had not been directly touched by the Holocaust. But they had left family behind. Through years of research, their names returned to us—first twenty, then sixty, then more than two hundred. Today, on Tisha B’Av, we remember 278 men, women, and children from these families who were murdered in the Shoah. They came from Biržai, Šiauliai, Kaunas, Šeduva, Linkuva, Vilijampolė, Pasvalys, Vilkija, Kremenets, Lutsk, Kamien Koszyrski, Rafałówka, Zhelutzk, Rivne, and surrounding communities. They were grandparents and grandchildren, parents and children, husbands and wives, brothers and sisters. Some were elderly. Some were infants. Each had a name. Each had a life. Each belonged to a family, a community, and the living chain of the Jewish people. On this Tisha B’Av, we speak their names. לדור ודור L’dor v’dor—from generation to generation—we remember. 🕯️ The Galun family of Lutsk, Ukraine: Ajzik Galun. Chaja Galun. Ester Galun. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Galun family of Kamien Koszyrski, Ukraine: Israel Galun. Elka Galun née Kaminski. Yosef Galun. Yisrael David Galun. David Galun. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Galon and Galun families of Rafałówka and Zhelutzk, Ukraine: Avraham Galun. Yehudit Galun. Shlomo Galun. Khona Galun. Yitzkhak Galon. Dvora Galon. Alte Galon. Izak Galon. Eliahu Galun. Ientil Galun. Bila Galun. Avraham Galun. Henia Galun née Bril. Feigele Galun. Shlomo Galon. Rachel Galon née Gibel. Sara Galon. Fania Galon. Aizik Galon. Eliahu Galon. An unnamed daughter of Shlomo and Rachel Galon. Tzvi Galon. Golda Galon. Sara Rivka Galon. Bina Galon. Shlomo Galon. Itzhak Galon. Dvora Galon née Kantor. Aizik Galon. Eliahu Galon. Szeindl Galon. Vale Galon. Aharon Galon. Rosa Galon. Henia Galon. Roiza Galon. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Bril family of Rafałówka and Zhelutzk, Ukraine: Shlomo Bril. Feiga Bril. Chaim Bril. Szeindl Bril. Wela Bril. Aaron Bril. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Galun and Galion families of Rivne, Ukraine: Icchak Galun. Rakhel Galun née Sapozhnik. Sara Galun. Ita Galun. Yafa Galun. Khaim Galun. Khava Ester Galun. Jerucham Galun. Leyzor Galion. Rukhlya Galion. Berko Galion. Sura Galion. Mariam Galion. Khasya Hassia Galion. Itzko Galion. Chaje Khava Ester Galion. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Khait and Sokhet families of Biržai and Šiauliai, Lithuania: Leib Ariyeh Abel Khait. Taube Reiza Bas née Khait. Aaron Bas. Gita Bas. Yehudah Bas. Shore Khait. Feige Freide Khait. Libe Pese Khait. Khaie Rivke Sokhet née Khait. Sore Khait. Nayer Bek Sokhet née Khait. Hirsh Zelik Sokhet. Henia Basha Sokhet née Katz. Leiba Akiva Sokhet. Shmuel Sokhet. Simon Sokhet. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Chait, Segal, Sandler, Magid, Carshinsky, Friedman, Westerman, Even, Korman, and Weksler families of Biržai and Busk: Meyer Chait. Rivka Raicha Segal née Kriger. Moshe Segal. Zisa Metuka Segal. Pesa Sandler née Maskin. Shmuel Volf Sandler. Tzippi Sandler née Balon. Moshe Sandler. David Sandler. Rachel Sandler. Frieda Sandler. Dobke Carshinsky née Sandler. Maurice Moche Carshinsky. Zipporah Carshinsky. Sheina Rivka Magid née Khait. Moishe Abel Aba Magid. Perl Pnina Magid. Zelda Magid. Yehuda Leib Friedman. Asnat Rivka Friedman née Even. Chana Peer Slavin née Friedman. Rachel Westerman née Friedman. Boris Westerman. Binyamin Westerman. Simcha Korman née Even. Menakhem Mendel Korman. Moshe Korman. Luba Kormann née Lebenshtein. Sarah Wexler née Kormann. Asher Weksler. Mendel Weksler. Reyzel Weksler. Benyamin Weksler. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Katz family of Biržai, Lithuania: Mere Tsipe Katz née Chait. Zelick Katz. Yerachmiel Israel Katz. Sholom Vulf Katz. Leizer Katz. Minna Katz. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Khait and Tabakin families of Biržai, Lithuania: Sheine Kreinde Tabakin née Khait. Leizer Velve Tabakin. Shimen Aria Tabakin. Iosel Tabakin. Yulia Tabakin. Feige Tabakin. Leia Elke Tabakin. Arje Ogints. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Kriger, Bavarsky, and Viuker families of Kaunas, Lithuania: Ester Bavarsky née Kriger. Leizer Bavarsky. Rokha Bavarsky. Movsha Yankel Bavarsky. Eyda Feyga Bavarsky née Khashes. Khaia Zisla Viuker née Bavarsky. Shlomo Viuker. Lea Viuker. Mordekhai Viuker. Eli Khes. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Khaet family of Kaunas, Lithuania: Chaim Leyb Khaet. Chaya Sora Khaet née Linda. Mendel Peysakh Khaet. Sora Taiba Khaet née Rozenfeld. Hone Khaet. Leya Khaet. David Khaet. Rosita Khaiet. Henrik Khaiet. Bentsion Khaiet. Israel Rozenfeld. Rakhil Liba Rozenfeld née Sladovnik. Ester Yudes Khaet. Abram Ber Khaiet. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Gordon family of Linkuva, Lithuania: Malka Gordon née Etsman. Gitl Gordon. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Musikant and Hack families of Šeduva, Lithuania: Chana Musikant née Lewental. Yetntl Hack née Musikant. Eide Beile Hack. Tuvjah Hack. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Kriger family of Biržai, Vilijampolė, Pasvalys, and Vilkija, Lithuania: Faivush Kriger. Tauba Palutinsky. Rokha Kriger. Movsha Iosel Kriger. Feiga Mikhla Kriger née Levin. Israel Kriger. Khaim Kriger. Meier Kriger. Hirsh Kriger. Tzipa Kriger. Nekhamke Kriger. Eliash Kriger. Faivel Kriger. Mere Kriger. Abram Kriger. Basa Kriger. Dina Beila Feldman née Kriger. Shaia Feldman. Leib Kreiger. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Oks, Perelmuter, Frisher, Klewan, Shpigelman, and Goldenberg families of Kremenets and Rivne, Ukraine: Zeylik Oks. Rebeka Oks. Gudya Oks née Fingert. Ester Perelmuter née Oks. Kreina Shpigelman née Perelmuter. Elyakim Shpigelman. Betia Shpigelman. Vitel Perelmuter. Michel Perelmuter. Salia Perelmuter. Genia Perelmuter. Sura Frisher née Perelmuter. Berish Frisher. Gisia Frisher. Golda Frisher. Rachel Frisher. Ita Klewan née Perelmuter. Avish Klewan. David Klewan. Gisia Goldenberg née Perelmuter. Avraham Goldenberg. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Shkurnik and Kuperman families of Kremenets, Ukraine: Itsko Yitzah Shkurnik. Sara Shkurnik née Kuperman. Jacob Shkurnik. Mindel Shkurnik née Malis. Yitzkhak Shkurnik. Yafa Shkurnik. Shmuel Shkurnik. Frida Shkurnik née Katz. Aharon Shkurnik. Motel Mordekhai Shkurnik. Lea Shkurnik. Icchak Shkurnik. Meir Shkurnik. Malka Shkurnik. Charna Shkurnik. Abraham Shkurnik. Gerszon Kuperman. Khaia Kuperman née Biberman. Feiga Kuperman. Moshe Kuperman. Rivka Kuperman. Shaindla Kuperman. Rakhel Kuperman. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Oks family of Lutsk, Ukraine: Shlomo Oks. Hinda Oks née Waisberg. Meriam Oks née Levinovich. Ester Oks née Berger. Yitzhak Oks. Yantek Oks. Shmulik Oks. Miriam Oks. Meir Oks. Yenta Oks. Chasia Oks née Tracewicki. Avraham Oks. Israel Oks. Sheindel Oks. Einech Oks. Mati Oks. Yossel Oks. Rachel Oks. Ben Zion Oks. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ The Berger, Flom, Sosel, and Szwarcblat families of Lutsk, Ukraine: Chaya Sara Flom née Berger. Ahron Arye Flom. Elia Flom. Moshe Yedel Flom. Rachel Flom. Rebetz Flom. Yukel Berger. Shlomo Flom. Hersh Flom. Lea Flom née Peper. Hinda Flom. Shlomo Flom. Moshe Flom. Nechama Flom. Yaakov Flom. Shmuel Flom. Gitel Flom. Sara Flom. Tema Flom. Chantze Flom. Breindel Flom. Itzchak Flom. Sara Flom. Hinda Flom. Shprintze Flom. Chana Flom. Zeilik Flom. Lea Sosel née Flom. Moshe Sosel. Chaim Sosel. Hinda Sosel. Zelik Sosel. Sara Szwarcblat née Flom. Motel Szwarcblat. Hinda Szwarcblat. Moshe Szwarcblat. Getzel Szwarcblat. May their names be remembered. 🕯️ IN CLOSING On Tisha B’Av, we remember not only destruction, but what was destroyed. We remember homes filled with conversation and song. We remember parents who held their children, grandparents who told stories, families who gathered for Shabbat and festivals, and neighbors who shared the life of their towns. We remember people who worked, studied, prayed, struggled, hoped, laughed, and loved. Their lives cannot be reduced to the manner of their deaths. The murderers sought to erase them—their names, their families, their communities, and their place in the story of our people. By speaking their names, we answer that attempt at erasure. Their towns may have been emptied, but their names are not silent. Their family lines may have been broken, but their memory remains part of ours. We have spoken their names. Behind every name is a life. Behind every life is a world. May the souls of those we have remembered be bound up in the bond of life. תהא נפשותם צרורות בצרור החיים Tehei nafshotam tzerurot bitzror hachayim. May their names continue to be spoken. May the communities from which they came never be forgotten. May we carry their memories with us always, and may we pass them from generation to generation. זכרונם לברכה Zichronam livracha—may their memories be for a blessing.